Fertility Preservation Techniques Using Biotechnology in Oncology and Gynecologic Disorders
Abstract
Fertility preservation has emerged as an essential aspect of care for women undergoing cancer treatments that are harmful to gonadal function or facing gynecological conditions that threaten their reproductive abilities. Oncofertility is a growing area that merges two key fields: oncology and reproductive health. The methods of freezing oocytes and embryos are now well-established, although they have some limitations. Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy can significantly impact reproductive abilities, making it important to carry out fertility preservation procedures prior to these treatments. Developments in biotechnology, such as cryopreservation, in-vitro maturation (IVM), stem cell therapy, and tissue engineering, have broadened the range of fertility-sparing options available. This mini-review highlights recent biotechnological progress in fertility preservation and its clinical relevance, particularly in the context of oncology and gynecological issues.
Advances in oncology and gynecology have significantly improved survival outcomes for patients; however, these gains are often accompanied by concerns regarding long-term reproductive health. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions may compromise ovarian or uterine function, placing women at risk of infertility. Fertility preservation has therefore emerged as a crucial component of comprehensive patient care. Biotechnological innovations—including cryopreservation of oocytes, embryos, and ovarian tissue, in-vitro maturation, ovarian suppression techniques, and the development of artificial ovaries—are reshaping reproductive options for women affected by cancer and gynecologic disorders. These approaches not only extend reproductive potential but also align with the broader objective of improving quality of life after treatment. This mini review summarizes current biotechnological strategies, evaluates their clinical relevance in oncology and gynecology, and highlights emerging trends that may further optimize fertility preservation in vulnerable patient populations.
